4.1 Logic

Kuphaldt, Lessons in Electric Circuits, volume IV (Digital), chapter 1: Numeration systems, "Decimal versus binary numeration" and "Octal and hexadecimal numeration", why hexadecimal won over octal. Chapter 2: Binary arithmetic, "Negative binary numbers", "Overflow", and "Bit groupings" for the nibble. Chapter 3: Logic gates, "The NAND gate", "The Exclusive-OR gate" and "Gate universality". Chapter 7: Boolean algebra, "Introduction", which tells Boole and Shannon, and "Boolean arithmetic", where 1 + 1 = 1. He dates Shannon’s thesis to 1938, its publication; it was written in 1937.